<text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">ETHIOPIA</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name:</span><span class="style13"> Ityopia (Ethiopia). Previously known as Abyssinia.</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">UN, OAU</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">1133882 km2 (437794 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">51831000 (1993 est)</span><span class="style42">Capital: </span><span class="style13">Addis Ababa 1739000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Other major city: </span><span class="style13">Dire Dawa 122000 (1991 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Amharic (official), Arabic, Oromo (40%)</span><span class="style42">Religions: </span><span class="style13">Ethiopian Orthodox (52%), Sunni Islam (45%)</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">In 1991, an 87-member Council of Representatives was appointed. Elections were held in 1994 for a Constitutional Assembly, which will draft a new constitution. </span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">The Western Highlands ΓÇô including the Tigray Plateau and the Semien Mountains (rising to over 4000 m / 13000 ft) ΓÇô are separated from the lower Eastern Highlands by a wide rift valley. </span><span class="style42">Climate: </span><span class="style13">Ethiopia is very hot and dry in the north and east. The highlands have a temperate climate.</span><span class="style42">ECONOMY</span><span class="style13">Secessionist wars have damaged an impoverished, underdeveloped economy. Most Ethiopians are involved in subsistence farming, but drought and overgrazing have led to desertification. Coffee is the main foreign-currency earner. The end of finance from former Communist countries has increased EthiopiaΓÇÖs difficulties. Aid from international relief agencies is important. </span><span class="style42">Currency: </span><span class="style13">Ethiopian Birr.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">The kingdom of Aksum flourished in the first millennium ad, accepting Christianity in the 4th century. Later, Islam also entered the country. Under Menelik II, Ethiopia survived the European scramble for empire and defeated an Italian invasion (1896). However, the Italians occupied Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941. Emperor Haile Selassie (1892ΓÇô1975) played a prominent part in African affairs, but ΓÇô failing to modernize Ethiopia or overcome its extreme poverty ΓÇô he was overthrown, and later murdered, in 1974. Allied to the USSR, a left-wing military regime instituted revolutionary change, but, even with Cuban help, it was unable to overcome secessionist guerrilla movements in Eritrea and Tigray. Drought, soil erosion and civil war brought severe famine in the 1980s and 1990s. The Marxist-Leninist regime was toppled by Tigrayan forces in 1991. The interim authorities recognized Eritrean independence in 1993.</span></text>